1. Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA): EPMA basically works by bombarding a micro-volume of a sample with a focused electron beam and collecting the X-ray. Major applications are found in: geochemistry, mineralogy, geochronology, physical metallurgy, nuclear metallurgy, materials science including glass, ceramics, superconductors, cements, microelectronics, and biochemistry.

2. X-Ray Fluorescence It is used for analyzing major and trace elements from Sodium (11) to Uranium (92) in different kinds of samples: solid, pressed powder and glass bead. Detection limits for some elements at the sub-ppm level can be provided. X-Ray fluorescence is used in a wide range of applications, including rock petrology, soil surveys, mining industry, cement industry, ceramic and glass manufacturing, environmental studies and petroleum industry. A group of samples can be analyzed at same time with an automatic sample changer. A mill grinder, a sample powder presser and a fluxer are used for sample preparation.

3. X-Ray Diffraction : It is used to determine the minerals and the chemical composition of any crystalline powder or solid samples. It has a wide range of applications in geology, material science, environmental science, chemistry, and the pharmaceutical industry. Over 200,000 diffraction patterns of known compounds have been compiled into a PDF database which helps in the determination of the phases present in the sample by modern computer programs through a quick compare of the diffraction data of that sample to all of the patterns in the database. Analyzing using the X-ray powder diffractometer is fast and accurate. A crusher and a mill grinder are used for sample preparation.

4. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) A medical researcher can use a SEM to compare samples of healthy and unhealthy blood and tissue samples to determine what is causing an illness. Metal samples can be examined with the SEM to determine strength in different conditions. SEM can be used in many different areas of scientific research.