تفاصيل الرسالة العلمية

The city of Jerusalem lived a difficult stage during the period of the Frankish occupation of the holy city, which lasted between the years (492 AH - 583 AH / 1099 AD - 1187 AD), but after its liberation by Sultan Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi in the Battle of Hattin in the year 583 AH / 1187 AD, the scientific and religious activity of the city flourished as a result of his escorting many of Scholars and establishing numerous scientific and Sufi institutions, such as the Salahi school or Khanaqah. Scientific life also flourished during the rule of the Mamluk state in the city of Jerusalem, who had an important role in confronting the Mongol invasion of the lands of Islam, especially during the era of the Mamluk Bahri dynasty whose rule extended between the years (648-784 AH / 1250-1382 AD). As for the Burji Mamluk dynasty (Al-Jaraksa), which replaced the Bahri Mamluk state, whose rule extended between (784-923 AH / 1382-1517 AD), they had the greatest role in transferring the confrontation with the Franks to the islands of the Mediterranean, from which the Frank campaigns towards Egypt and the Levant, and which allow The efforts of Muslim scholars, whether they were Levantines or those who came to Jerusalem in the era of the Circassian Mamluks, to had a great role in spreading science and encouragement by the Mamluk sultans. The city of Jerusalem in their era witnessed a wide cultural and scientific renaissance, which constituted as a whole a conscious response and an ?objective? response to these challenges that faced the Islamic countries in general and the city of Jerusalem in particular. After the entry of the city of Jerusalem under the rule of the Ottomans, the city of Jerusalem in the twelfth century AH witnessed developments in the political, social and administrative life. The scientific life has been affected and undergone changes. Through this comparative study, we will review the developments that occurred in the scientific life in the city of Jerusalem. As for the title of this thesis, "The Scientific Life in The city of Jerusalem through Al-Anas Al-Galil by Al-Alimi and The Biography of the People of Jerusalem by Al-Husseini, the research material, which was concerned with the scientific life in both eras in the city of Jerusalem, included a comparative study to investigate the extent of the prosperity of the scientific life in the city of Jerusalem. The thesis included an introduction, a preface and four chapters in addition to appendices, a conclusion and a list of sources and references. The preamble was devoted to the general features of the city of Jerusalem in the ninth and twelfth centuries AH / fifteenth and eighteenth centuries AD, and focused on the political conditions in the city of Jerusalem in both eras, including political conditions, administrative aspects, jobs, population structure, developments and events experienced by the city of Jerusalem in the Mamluk and Ottoman eras. In the first chapter of the study, the researcher dealt with a translation of the Alimi and Al-Husseini authors by talking about their lives, their sheikhs, their students, their writings, their jobs, their trips, and their interest in the scientific life in the city of Jerusalem. The researcher devoted the second chapter of the study to the scientific life through the two books "Al-Anas Al-Jalil" and "The Traditions of the People of Jerusalem", which included scientific and religious centers such as mosques and schools, as well religious, mental and applied sciences, linguistics and literature. As for the third chapter, it was devoted to the study of charitable and nuclear endowments in the city of Jerusalem, and included endowments for schools, corners, Khanqah , graveyards, libraries, hospitals, and the role of these endowments institutions in revitalizing the cultural and scientific life in the city of Jerusalem. Finally the fourth chapter of the thesis is devoted to the scholars of the four schools of thought and their role in public life in the city of Jerusalem. It also includes Sufism and Sufi scholars in the Ottoman and Mamluk periods, the origin and role of Sufism, and their religious activities through their religious centers associated with Sufism