الملخص بالعربية |
نشأ الطبري في أقاليم طبرستان وبه عرف واشتهر, حيث طاف أقاليم الدولة الإسلامية منذ صباه في سبيل الحصول على العلم والوصول إلى موارده, حتى نبغ في معظم علوم عصره ومن بينها علم التاريخ.
جمع الطبري رواياته التاريخية التي نقلها عمن سبقه من الإخباريين والمؤرخين في كتابه "تاريخ الرسل والملوك", والذي يعتبر من أشهر كتب التاريخ العام التي ألفت في القرن الثاني الهجري, لما ورد به من أخبار الأمم الماضية وحتى سنة 302هـ/914م, وللمنهجية التي اتبعها الطبري في تأليفه وذلك بجمع الأخبار والروايات وترتيبها حسب سنة حدوثها وهو ما أصطلح على تسميته بالمنهج الحولي, كما حرص الطبري على إيراد سلاسل سند متصلة لمعظم الروايات, ومارس النقد على رواته ومتون الروايات, مما جعل أخباره تحظى بالرضا والقبول.
تعرض الطبري في تاريخه لأخبار الدولة الأموية, والتي تختلف حولها آراء المؤرخين, فجمع الروايات التي تتعلق بها, وقام بترتيبها حسب سنوات حدوثها, واستند في نقل أخباره على مؤرخين ثقات, ومارس النقد عليهم وعلى مصادرهم, وأظهر مدى صدقهم وحياديتهم, وبين نقاط القوة والضعف في رواياتهم, وأصلح الخلل فيها إن وجد, فقدم روايات تاريخيه تتميز بالدقة والشمول والحيادية, وهو ما يثبت قدرته على ممارسة النقد بأسلوب منهجي، وينفي عنه مقولة بعض المتأخرين (بأنه لم يكن سوى جامعاً للروايات وعدم قيامه بممارسة النقد) كما تظهر الأخبار والروايات التي قدمها نزاهته وحياديته وعدم تأثره بالسلطة السياسية التي عاش في ظلها لكتابة التاريخ بما يناسب هواها ومصالحها, وعدم وجود ميول سياسية وحزبية لديه لصالح جهة دون أخرى.
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الملخص بالانجليزي |
ALtabari was raised up in Tabaristan provinces. He was well-known in the latter provinces. He travelled throughout various provinces in the Islamic state during his youth in the aim of receiving education and acquiring his resources. He mastered most of the scientific fields during his age. Such fields include: history.
ALtabari collected his narratives in a book titled (The History of Prophets and Kings). He obtained such narratives from historians and narrators. The latter book is considered the most well-known book in the field of general history among the books that were written during the 3rdcentury A.H. It includes information about the previous nations. It sheds a light on the period preceding the year 302 A.H/ 914 A.D.
Regarding the approach adopted by ALtabari in his writings, it is represented in a year-based approach. It is represented in collecting information and narratives and then ordering them based on the years of their occurrence. ALtabari was keen on mentioning the names of the narrators for most of the narratives. He criticized the narrators and the narratives. Hence, his narratives were very popular and admired.
ALtabari mentioned information about the Umyyad State. Such information were debatable among historians. ALtabari collected narratives about the latter state. He ordered such narratives based on the years of their occurrence. He narrated his information based on the information obtained from historians known for their integrity. He criticized such historians and their sources. He shed a light on how honest and impartial those historians are. He shed a light on the strengths and weaknesses in the narratives of historians. He fixed the defects in their narratives when present. He offered historical narratives that are characterized with accuracy, comprehensives, and impartiality. That indicates that ALtabari was capable of making criticism in a systematic manner. ALtabari proved that the accusation made against him by historians isn't correct. The latter accusation suggests that (ALtabari is merely a collector for narratives and incapable of making criticism). The information and narratives narrated by ALtabari indicate that ALtabari enjoyed much integrity and impartiality. They indicate that ALtabari wasn't influenced by the political authority that was existent during his age. For instance, ALtabari refrained from writing historical information in a manner that meets the interests of the latter authority. He didn't' have political interests nor interests in any political party
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